Question 1
In environmental health, the term toxin refers to a toxic substance that _______________.
[removed]is naturally produced by a plant or animal
[removed]occurs in the occupational setting
[removed]results from human activity
[removed]a man-made product introduced into the environment due to human activity
1 points
Question 2
In toxicity testing in rodents, the LD50 is a dose that is _______________.
[removed]acutely fatal to 50 percent of test animals
[removed]fatal to 50 percent of test animals within a 90-day period
[removed]fatal to 50 percent of test animals after lifetime bioaccumulation
1 points
Question 3
Which of the following is not characteristic of a health impact assessment?
[removed]It evaluates a site or activity as it is, rather than looking forward in time
[removed]It includes social and economic factors in the assessment
[removed]It incorporates input from community members
1 points
Question 4
An exposure pathway connects _______________ to _______________.
[removed]an exposure / a change in tissue structure or function
[removed]inhalation / absorption
[removed]the environmental source of a contaminant / the point of exposure
1 points
Question 5
The three major routes of human exposure to environmental contaminants are _______________.
[removed]by air, water, and soil
[removed]environmental, occupational, and residential
[removed]ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact
1 points
Question 6
The phrase contact with the human envelope is a common definition of _______________.
[removed]absorption
[removed]disposition
[removed]exposure
1 points
Question 7
The quantity of a toxicant (or its breakdown product) that is available to interact with some vulnerable tissue in the body is called the _______________.
[removed]absorbed dose
[removed]biologically effective dose
[removed]body burden
1 points
Question 8
The body burden of a chemical in the body reflects the net effect of _______________.
[removed]absorption and biological effectiveness
[removed]synergism and antagonism
[removed]the processes of toxicokinetics
1 points
Question 9
Bioaccumulation is the _______________.
[removed]gradual building up of a chemical in the tissue of an organism
[removed]increase of concentrations of a chemical at higher levels of a food pyramid
[removed]movement of a chemical from water to living tissue
1 points
Question 10
Which of the following is an example of a biomarker?
[removed]Body mass index calculated from measured height and weight
[removed]Concentration of a pesticide in blood
[removed]Inhalation rate in liters per hour
1 points
Question 11
The Ames test is a test of a chemical’s _______________.
[removed]acute lethality, and is conducted in rodents
[removed]mutagenicity, and is conducted in bacteria
[removed]teratogenic potential, and is conducted mammalian cells
1 points
Question 12
Exposure modeling is used to estimate the _______________.
[removed]biologically effective dose of a toxicant
[removed]fate and transport of a toxicant
[removed]ingestion of, inhalation of, or dermal contact with a toxicant
1 points
Question 13
Conceptually, a reference dose is a dose that has no adverse effects in _______________.
[removed]sensitive subpopulations over a long-term exposure
[removed]sensitive subpopulations over a short-term exposure
[removed]the general population over a long-term exposure
[removed]the general population over a short-term exposure
1 points
Question 14
Which of the following is one of the major processes which together make up toxicokinetics?
[removed]Bioconcentration
[removed]Distribution
[removed]Mutation
[removed]Synergism
1 points
Question 15
In doing a risk assessment for a chemical, the usual assumption is that _______________.
[removed]carcinogenicity has a threshold; non-cancer effects do not
[removed]non-cancer effects have a threshold; carcinogenicity does not
[removed]both carcinogenicity and non-cancer effects have thresholds
[removed]neither carcinogenicity nor non-cancer effects has a threshold
1 points
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