How do scientists attempt to answer questions about future climate?

How do scientists attempt to answer questions about future climate?
 They don’t
 They take a guess
 They use models run by super computers
 They look for a time when the event happened previously
2) Why will it take time for Earth’s climate system to recover from CO2 already being put into the atmosphere?
 There is no way to stop CO2 emissions
 CO2 has a short lifetime
 CO2 has a long lifetime
 None of the above
3) A map on which mean values of temperature and/or precipitation are plotted would be an example of _____ model.
  mumerical
 conceptual
 graphical 
 physical
4) In order to map ECVs, global climate models do which of the following first?
  Compute ECVs for every point
 Break the map into a gridded coordinate that includes only the ocean
 Break the map into a gridded coordinate that includes only the atmosphere
 Break the map into a gridded coordinate that includes both the atmosphere and the ocean
5) Which of the following best describes how climate models predict over a long time scale without losing accuracy?
 They are driven by feedbacks that do no influence the weather
 They predict how climate adjusts to different conditions
 They focus on specific broad regions of positive and negative anomalies
 All of the above
6) What must scientists do to ensure model output is better?
  Reduce errors
 Overcome uncertainty
 Use more input data
 Both a and b are correct.
7) In a transient model run, how is CO2 added?
  Slowly
 All at once
 It depends on the scientist generating the run
 None of the above
8) In an equilibrium run, how long is the model output observed?
  Moment to moment for a set period of time
 Until the model reaches a new equilibrium
 It depends on the scientists generating the run
 None of the above
9) Which of the following is true about the PETM, making it the best geological analog for future ocean and biological responses?
  Widespread warming associated with large buildup of CO2 and methane
 Oceans acidified
 Global temps rose several degrees
 All of the above
10) Why will all locations on the globe not see the increase in temperatures predicted by climate models?
  Climate change is geographically non-uniform in both magnitude and sign
 The greatest change will always be seen at the equator, regardless of the forcing mechanism
 Climate change is only uniform along lines of latitude
 None of the above
11) What does the complex nature of removing CO2 from the atmosphere mean in terms of global climate change?
  There is no hope of reversing the changes already made
 Making a change will require a serious and prolonged commitment to reducing emissions
 There will still be warming even after emissions are reduced, possible for decade to centuries
 Both b and c are correct.
12) Which of the following is the hardest area to accurately model?
 Temperatures
 Precipitation
 Clouds
 All of the above
 None of the above
13) Which tornadoes are the most destructive?
  Short-duration storms
 Long duration storms
 Multi-vortex storms
 None of the above
14) Who developed the tornado rating scale?
 Saffir Simpson
 Fujita
 Newton
 None of the above
15) When are tornadoes most likely to occur during the day?
  In the early morning
 In the late evening
 Between 10am and 6pm
 None of the above
16) What is the general relationship between heavy precipitation events and climate change?
 As temperature warms, more frequent heavy precipitation events occur
 As temperature warms, less frequent heavy precipitation events occur
 As temperature warms, more frequent small precipitation events occur
 None of the above
17) What variable is primarily used to rate hurricanes?
  SST
 Wind Speed
 Size
 Surge
 
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