In
Module
Four,
you
learned
about
crime
trends
and
how
to
establish
patterns
to
predict
future
behavior.
In
Module
Five,
you
will
take
a
look
at
some
of
the
major
criminological
theories
that
explain
why
people
commit
crime.
These
theories
are
an
important
aspect
of
the
research
process,
and
they
will
ultimately
guide
you
in
your
decision-making
process.
There
are
many
published
assumptions
that
offer
an
explanation
behind
a
person’s
motivation
to
commit
crime.
A
few
of
the
most
prevalent
criminological
theories
used
by
criminal
justice
professionals
today
are
listed
below.
-
Rational
choice
theory
offers
the
explanation
that
people
commit
crime
rationally
after
weighing
their
options.
For
example,
after
their
options
are
weighed,
they
make
the
choice
that
the
reward
of
the
criminal
act
is
worth
the
risk
of
punishment.
-
Labeling
theory
takes
a
different
approach
by
explaining
that
people
are
more
likely
to
be
influenced
by
the
classifications
of
society.
For
example,
someone
convicted
for
breaking
into
cars
would
be
labeled
a
criminal
and
thus
would
be
predisposed
to
commit
the
same
offense
again.
Whereas
if
an
offender
is
arrested
but
not
convicted
of
the
crime,
they
may
be
less
likely
to
commit
the
same
type
of
crime.
-
Deterrence
theory
assumes
that
people
in
society
have
some
semblance
of
rationality
and
are
actively
aware
of
the
consequences
of
their
actions.
For
example,
when
an
offender
commits
a
crime,
he
or
she
expects
certain
rewards
from
the
incident.
If
crime
is
to
be
reduced,
the
punishment
must
be
more
significant
than
the
potential
reward
for
committing
the
crime.
Deductive
and
inductive
reasoning
are
also
important
to
the
field
of
criminal
justice,
as
they
go
hand
in
hand
with
qualitative
and
quantitative
research
methods.
Deductive
reasoning
starts
with
a
premise
which
you
believe
to
be
the
truth.
You
then
figure
out
other
principles
that
would
have
to
be
true
based
on
your
foundational
premise.
Inductive
reasoning
is
quite
the
opposite,
in
that
you
are
presented
with
some
data
first.
After
the
data
is
presented,
you
begin
to
draw
general
conclusions
on
facts
that
can
be
taken
from
that
data.
You
figure
out
which
criminological
theory
or
theories
you
could
apply
to
the
data.
In
deductive
reasoning,
you
will
frequently
see
quantitative
research
design,
whereas
with
inductive
reasoning
you
will
see
qualitative
research
design.
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